Correlation between insomnia and job performance in shift nurses / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

@#Sleep and wakefulness are physiological processes in our lives that are regulated by circadian rhythms. The level of melatonin, the "sleep hormone", increases with the onset of darkness, and its production slows down in the morning. Exposure to artificial light at night disrupts our circadian rhythm and the processes it controls. Shift work is when an individual works from 9 am to 5 pm. But the night shift refers to the time when a group of workers who work at night in factories and enterprises work in the evening or at night, especially from 4 p.m. to 8 a.m. according to a regular schedule. One in five people in industrialized countries work night shifts, and studies in America and Europe show that between 15 and 30% of adult workers have some form of shift work. Between 10% and 30% of shift workers meet the diagnosis of shift work disorder (SWD). 5-10% of shift workers experience severe shift insomnia and sleepiness. At least ¾ of shift workers suffer from insomnia. Excessive sleepiness usually occurs during shifts (mainly at night) and is associated with impaired cognitive ability due to the need for sleep and reduced alertness, and decreased alertness reduces performance. Job performance is influenced by many workplace environmental factors, including workload, coworker relationships, stress levels, and extended hours. A nurse specialist provides nursing care by monitoring and evaluating 24 hours a day, and by working night shifts, the circadian system of sleep is disturbed, causing sleep problems and insomnia. When examining how night shift work affects nurses' ability to concentrate, the decline in concentration (33.3%) was twice as high as that of day shift nurses (16.7%). found that shift nurses who worked the night shift had higher rates of insomnia and chronic fatigue compared to nurses who stopped working the night shift. Lack of sleep manifests as a decline in cognitive functions such as attention, decision making, and reaction time. These cognitive and functional declines can negatively affect quality of life and lead to impaired job performance. An Australian study by Winwood et al found that fatigue associated with night shifts increases the risk of human error and injury, and negatively affects the quality of patient care. Lack of sleep significantly affects nurses' alertness, concentration, and job performance. This review article discusses the relation between shift work-related sleep and job performance based on international research findings.

Research progress on the relation and related mechanism of night shift work and cardiovascular disease / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Cardiovascular disease is a class of diseases involving the heart or blood vessels, which accounts for about one-third of all deaths worldwide each year. Unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are all risk factors for cardiovascular disease. With the increasing number of night shift workers, the number of patients with cardiovascular disease has increased, and night shift work has gradually become a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. At present, the mechanism of cardiovascular disease caused by night shift work is still unclear. This review summarizes the relationship between night shift work and cardiovascular disease and its related biochemical indicators, and discusses the research on related mechanisms.

Repercussions of night shift work on nursing professionals' health and sleep quality / Repercusiones del trabajo nocturno en la calidad del sueño y la salud de profesionales de enfermería / Repercussões do trabalho noturno na qualidade do sono e saúde de trabalhadores de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between sleep quality, health symptoms and the physical, psychological and social effects of work in Nursing professionals working the night shift. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with Nursing professionals working the night shift of a hospital institution. The instruments used were a socio-occupational and health symptoms questionnaire, the Assessment Scale for Work-Related Harms, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were collected between September 2017 and April 2018.The analysis was performed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: a total of 139 workers took part in the study and a statistical difference was identified between poor sleep quality and the female gender and physical illness variables and health symptoms such as appetite disorder, sensation of indigestion, flatulence, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, unhappiness, sensation of decreased self-esteem and mood lability. Conclusion: it was verified that Nursing professionals working the night shift experienced poor sleep quality, and that this relationship exerts an impact on physical, psychological and social health. Interventions targeted at raising awareness about sleep hygiene can promote better outcomes in these individuals' health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre la calidad del sueño, síntomas de salud y los efectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales del trabajo en profesionales de Enfermería que se desempeñaban en el turno nocturno. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con trabajadores de Enfermería que se desempeñaban en el turno nocturno de una institución hospitalaria. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: un cuestionario sociolaboral y de síntomas de salud, la Escala de Evaluación de los Daños Relacionados al Trabajo y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh. Los dados se recopilaron entre septiembre de 2017 y abril de 2018. El análisis se realizó por medio da estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados: se contó con la participación de 139 trabajadores y se identificó una diferencia estadística entre calidad de sueño deficiente y las variables sexo femenino y padecimiento físico, síntomas de salud como trastornos del apetito, sensación de indigestión, flatulencia, insomnio, dificultad para concentrarse, desdicha, sensación de disminución de la autoestima y labilidad en el estado de ánimo. Conclusión: se verificó que los trabajadores de Enfermería que se desempeñaban en el turno nocturno presentaron calidad de sueño deficiente, y esa relación afecta la salud física, psicológica y social. Intervenciones con el objetivo de generar conciencia sobre la higiene del sueño pueden promover mejores resultados en la salud de estas personas.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre a qualidade do sono, sintomas de saúde e os efeitos físicos, psicológicos e sociais do trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuavam no turno noturno. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuavam em instituição hospitalar no turno noturno. Utilizaram-se como instrumentos questionário sociolaboral e de sintomas de saúde, Escala de Avaliação dos Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2017 e abril de 2018. A análise foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: participaram 139 trabalhadores e identificou-se diferença estatística entre qualidade do sono ruim e as variáveis sexo feminino, adoecimento físico e sintomas de saúde como distúrbio de apetite, sensação de má digestão, flatulência, insônia, dificuldade de concentração, infelicidade, sensação de diminuição autoestima e labilidade de humor. Conclusão: constatou-se que os trabalhadores de enfermagem que atuavam no turno noturno experimentavam qualidade do sono ruim, e essa relação impacta na saúde física, psicológica e social. Intervenções visando à conscientização sobre a higiene do sono podem promover melhores resultados na saúde dessas pessoas.

Quality of sleep among shift work nurses at the Baguio General Hospital: A Pilot Cross - Sectional study

Objective@#The primary objective of this study was to determine the quality of sleep among 12-hour shift-work nurses at the Baguio General Hospital using the Pittsburg Sleep . Quality Index (PSQI)@*Methods@#This was a preliminary cross-sectional study with a primary endpoint of assessing the sleep quality of the participants using the PSQI. The association of sleep quality with individual and work factors was also determined. Design:Cross - Sectional . Setting:Tertiary Government Training Hospital. Patient:154 12-hour shiftwork nurses. @*Results@#The majority (88.96%) of the participants self-reported having poor sleep quality. Among the components of the PSQI, current shift was significantly associated with habitual sleep efficiency (Fisher exact test p < .049). No significant associations were found between demographic characteristics and PSQI Global score, with most respondents having poor sleep quality regardless of participant characteristics. @*Conclusion@#Majority of nurses working in 12-hour shifts had poor sleep quality. Night shift nurses had higher habitual sleep efficiency scores compared to day shift nurses indicating that those working in the night shift had poorer habitual sleep efficiency.

Epidemiological research progress on effects of night shift work on female reproductive health / 环境与职业医学

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defines shift work as any arrangement of daily working hours other than the standard daylight hours (typically 7:00/8:00 am–5:00/6:00 pm). To meet the needs of rapid socioeconomic development, shift work is becoming more and more common. The impact of shift work, especially night shift work, on human health cannot be ignored. Female's health is not only important to the well-being of themselves, but also has a far-reaching impact on their children and even their entire family. Increasing epidemiological studies have focused on the effects of night shift work on female's reproductive health. This article reviewed epidemiological evidence of the associations between night shift work and reproductive outcomes, e.g. menstrual cycle, endometriosis, pregnancy rate, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and ovarian cancer. The potential biological mechanisms connecting night shift work to female reproductive health were also introduced, e.g. melatonin regulation, clock gene regulation, and sex hormone regulation. Through this review, we propose to provide a reference for determining occupational risk factors, conducting subsequent relevant studies, and formulating rational health promotion strategies.

The impact of sleep deprivation on work performance towards night-shift healthcare workers: An evidence-based case report

Background@#Poor sleep and excessive fatigue among workers can reduce well-being and physical fitness. However, not many studies have mentioned how sleeping deprivation among night-shift healthcare workers impacted their work performance in multiple aspects. @*Method@#We conducted an evidence-based case report (EBCR) of a night shift nurse who was worried about the impact of her sleep deprivation on her work performance in the future due to prior history of needle-stick injuries. We aimed to determine whether sleeping deprivation caused by regular night shifts leads to decreased work performance among night-shift healthcare workers by formulating a clinical question. Evidence was searched systematically using five major journal databases (Proquest, EBSCO-Host, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane) and was assessed thoroughly using inclusion and exclusion criteria. @*Results@#Eleven eligible studies were obtained with a medium level of evidence (III-IV), three systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SR-MA), three SR without MA, and five observational studies. All of them were analyzed and critically appraised using Oxford Evidence-Based Medicine and Joanna Briggs Institute tools. We found that reduced quantity and quality of sleep impacted all dimensions of work performance among healthcare professionals, be it in task performance (e.g., skill proficiency), contextual performance (e.g., communication skill and mental health issues), and patient and health worker safety (accident and medication error). It could also encourage counterproductive work behavior, such as absenteeism. Furthermore, sleep deprivation changes circadian rhythms, causing decreased information processing and affective recognition functions in some vital brain areas, ultimately affecting several work dimensions. @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, stakeholders need to adjust proper shift scheduling for health care workers, practice sleep hygiene, maintain physical fitness, and consume nutritional food, positively correlated to health and productivity.

The Association between Night Shift Work and Hypertension Among Workers at A Construction Company in Jakarta

@#Introduction: Night shift work, which can cause circadian misalignment, may be associated with increased blood pressure. The purpose of this research was to find out the prevalence of hypertension and the associated factors of hypertension among night shift and day shift workers at a construction company in Jakarta. Methods: The data used in this study was taken from records of general medical checkup which was held in August 2019. Data of 107 male workers (28 day shift workers, 79 night shift workers) were gathered. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in night shift workers (59.5%) was higher compared to that in the day shift workers (17.9%). Systolic blood pressures (SBPs) of the night shift workers (mean SBP = 137.58; SD = 15.05; CI 95% = 134.58-141.32) were significantly higher compared to day shift workers’ (mean SBP = 122.14, SD = 13.24; CI 95% = 117.01-127.07). Diastolic blood pressures (DBPs) of night shift workers (mean DBP = 84.90; SD = 10.59; CI 95% = 82.53-87.27) were also significantly higher than day shift workers’ (mean DBP = 76.54; SD = 10.85; CI 95% = 72.33-80.74). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, workers with night shifts (OR = 7.47; CI 95% = 2.48-22.51) and overweight (OR = 2.73; CI 95% = 1.04-7.18) were significantly associated with hypertension compared to day shift workers and normal weight workers, respectively, after adjusted by other covariates. Conclusion: Night shift workers faced higher risk of hypertension compared to day shift workers, particularly for those who were overweight.

Structural equation modeling of associations between night work and glycemic levels

ABSTRACT Objective Different pathways may lead from night work to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to explore the direct and indirect pathways from night work to glycemic levels, considering the role of physical activity, waist circumference and snacking using data from ELSA-Brasil. Materials and methods A structural equation model was used to confirm the pathways from night work to glycemic levels. The latent variable, "glycemic levels", included fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and 2-hour plasma glucose. Results A total of 10.396 participants were included in the analyses. The final model showed that among women, night work was associated with increased glycemic levels. A statistical significant association between night work and glycemic levels mediated by waist circumference was observed among women and men. Conclusions The association between night shift and glycemic levels can be interpreted as an important step toward understanding the pathways that could explain night work as a risk factor for diabetes using epidemiological data.

Fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e de estilo de vida associados a padrões alimentares de trabalhadores em turnos / Socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle factors associated with eating patterns of shift workers

Resumo O objetivo foi identificar os principais padrões alimentares de trabalhadores em turnos e associá-los às variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de estilo de vida. Foram estudado homens entre 20 a 60 anos, trabalhadores de uma metalúrgica do Ceará. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados por análise fatorial por componentes principais, seguida de rotação ortogonal varimax. Utilizou-se Regressão de Poisson para estimar as razões de prevalências (RP) das variáveis em relação aos padrões alimentares. Três padrões foram identificados: comum nordestino, popular e ocidental. Os funcionários do turno da noite e os que fumam ou já fumaram apresentaram menor adesão ao padrão comum nordestino, enquanto aqueles que consomem ou já consumiram bebidas alcoólicas mostraram maior adesão. Para o popular, a maior adesão foi de funcionários com maior escolaridade, residentes na cidade sede da empresa e que já consumiram bebidas alcoólicas apenas no passado, enquanto indivíduos com melhor classificação econômica brasileira mostraram menor adesão. Os homens com idade mais elevada e que fumam apresentaram menor adesão ao padrão ocidental. O conhecimento dessas variáveis associadas aos padrões alimentares identificados poderá orientar o planejamento das ações de práticas alimentares saudáveis no grupo estudado.

Abstract The scope of this paper was to identify the main eating patterns of shift workers and to associate them with socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle variables. Men between 20 and 60 years of age, workers of a metallurgical company in the state of Ceará, were studied. Eating patterns were identified by factorial analysis by major components, followed by varimax orthogonal rotation. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) of the variables in relation to dietary patterns. Three patterns were identified: standard northeastern, popular and western. Employees of the night shift and those who smoke or have smoked showed less adherence to the common northeastern pattern, while those who consume or have consumed alcoholic beverages showed greater adherence. For the popular, the highest adherence was of employees with higher education, residents in the company's headquarter city and who only consumed alcoholic beverages in the past, while individuals with better Brazilian economic classification showed lower adherence. Older men and smokers had lower adherence to the western standard. Knowledge of these variables associated with the eating patterns identified may support the planning of healthy eating practices in the group studied.

Implementation of a resident night float system in a surgery department in Korea for 6 months: electronic medical record-based big data analysis and medical staff survey

PURPOSE: To evaluate superiority of a night float (NF) system in comparison to a traditional night on-call (NO) system for surgical residents at a single institution in terms of efficacy, safety, and satisfaction. METHODS: A NF system was implemented from March to September 2017 and big data analysis from electronic medical records was performed for all patients admitted for surgery or contacted from the emergency room (ER). Parameters including vital signs, mortality, and morbidity rates, as well as promptness of response to ER calls, were compared against a comparable period (March to September 2016) during which a NO system was in effect. A survey was also performed for physicians and nurses who had experienced both systems. RESULTS: A total of 150,000 clinical data were analyzed. Under the NO and NF systems, a total of 3,900 and 3,726 patients were admitted for surgery. Mortality rates were similar but postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the NO system (0.5% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.031). From the 1,462 and 1,354 patients under the NO and NF systems respectively, that required surgical consultation from the ER, the time to response was significantly shorter in the NF system (54.5 ± 70.7 minutes vs. 66.8 ± 83.8 minutes, P < 0.001). Both physicians (90.4%) and nurses (91.4%) agreed that the NF system was more beneficial. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a NF system using big data analysis in Korea, and potential benefits of this new system were observed in both ward and ER patient management.

Effect of night shift work on the control of hypertension and diabetes in workers taking medication

BACKGROUND: Night shift work induces physiological and psychological stress by altering sleep and biological rhythms and is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have been conducted on the control of hypertension and diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effect of night shift work on the control rate of hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: Subjects comprised workers aged 20–65 years who underwent specific health examination at a single facility in seven different affiliated examination centers from 1 January to 31 December 2016. Workers were categorised into day workers and night shift workers. Demographic and medical history were taken, and physical examination was done. Blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose were measured. The control rate of each disease was evaluated based on treatment goals presented in the treatment guidelines of the Korean Society of Hypertension and the Korean Diabetes Association (systolic BP < 140 mmHg and diastolic BP < 90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≤ 130 mg/dL). RESULTS: Among 631,418 subjects, 11.2% (70,450) were night shift workers. Of whom 6.1% (4,319) were taking antihypertensive medication and 2.5% (1,775) were taking diabetes medication. Among patients taking antihypertensive medications, the proportion of those whose BP was controlled to suit treatment goals was 81.7% (26,635) of day workers and 77.4% (3,343) of night shift workers, which was significantly different (p < 0.001). Among patients taking diabetes medications, the proportion of those whose blood glucose was controlled to suit treatment goals was 37.4% (4,489) of day workers and 36.5% (647) of night shift workers, but the difference was not significant. The control rates for patients taking antihypertensive medications (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.80) were lower among night shift workers than day workers with adjustment for age, sex, smoking history, alcohol consumption, exercise, and obesity. However, there were no differences in control rates for patients taking diabetes medications (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.87–1.10) between day workers and night shift workers. CONCLUSIONS: Night shift work can have an effect on the uncontrolled BP in workers taking antihypertensive medications. Therefore, additional efforts for disease control are necessary for night shift workers with hypertension.

Mediating effect of trait coping style on nurses' occupational stress and fatigue / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the fatigue status and influencing factors of nurses, and to evaluate whether trait coping styles mediate the relationship between occupational stress and fatigue.@*Methods@#A total of 167 nurses in Shaoxing Municipal Hospital were selected by cluster random sampling in April, 2018.Their fatigue status was assessed by Chinese version of multidimensional fatigue scale, occupational stress was assessed by occupational stress inventory revised edition, and trait coping style was assessed by trait coping style questionnaire.The data were analyzed by SPSS22.0.@*Results@#A total of 164 valid questionnaires were obtained, the physical fatigue score was (22.9±9.3)points, the decreased activity score was (6.7±2.7)points, the decreased motivation score was (6.6±2.6)points, the mental fatigue score was (9.0±4.0)points, the total fatigue score was (47.3±13.5)points.The total fatigue scores of nurses with different ages(F=2.520, P=0.043), nursing years(F=3.388, P=0.020), educational background(t=-2.571, P=0.011), professional title(F=3.743, P=0.026), departments(F=4.412, P=0.001) and night shift frequency(F=3.412, P=0.019) were significantly different.The total fatigue scores were positively correlated with negative coping(r=0.274, P=0.009), occupational tasks(r=0.351, P=0.007) and stress response(r=0.348, P=0.004) respectively.Negative coping styles partially mediated the relationship between occupational stress and fatigue.The total effect of occupational stress on fatigue was 0.066, the ratio of negative coping to total effect was 49.62%.@*Conclusion@#There are many factors influencing nurses' fatigue, and negative coping styles play a mediating role between occupational stress and fatigue.

Mediating effect of trait coping style on nurses' occupational stress and fatigue / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the fatigue status and influencing factors of nurses,and to evaluate whether trait coping styles mediate the relationship between occupational stress and fatigue.Methods A total of 167 nurses in Shaoxing Municipal Hospital were selected by cluster random sampling in April,2018.Their fatigue status was assessed by Chinese version of multidimensional fatigue scale,occupational stress was assessed by occupational stress inventory revised edition,and trait coping style was assessed by trait coping style questionnaire.The data were analyzed by SPSS22.0.Results A total of 164 valid questionnaires were obtained,the physical fatigue score was (22.9 ± 9.3) points,the decreased activity score was (6.7 ± 2.7) points,the decreased motivation score was (6.6 ± 2.6) points,the mental fatigue score was (9.0 ± 4.0) points,the total fatigue score was (47.3 ± 13.5) points.The total fatigue scores of nurses with different ages(F =2.520,P =0.043),nursing years(F =3.388,P =0.020),educational background(t =-2.571,P =0.011),professional tide (F =3.743,P =0.026),departments (F =4.412,P =0.001) and night shift frequency (F =3.412,P =0.019) were significantly different.The total fatigue scores were positively correlated with negative coping (r =0.274,P =0.009),occupational tasks (r =0.351,P =0.007) and stress response (r =0.348,P =0.004) respectively.Negative coping styles partially mediated the relationship between occupational stress and fatigue.The total effect of occupational stress on fatigue was 0.066,the ratio of negative coping to total effect was 49.62％.Conclusion There are many factors influencing nurses'fatigue,and negative coping styles play a mediating role between occupational stress and fatigue.

Qualidade de vida: o desafio do trabalho noturno para a equipe de enfermagem / Life quality: the night shift work challenge to nursing team / Calidad de vida: el reto de trabajar en la noche para el equipo de enfermería

Objective: Our goal herein has been to gain further insights regarding the life quality and its association with sociodemographic characteristics of nursing professionals working at night shift. Methods: It is an analytical research type with quantitative approach. The research was performed in a hospital of Montes Claros city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, over the year of 2014 and had 145 workers participants. The survey has been done by applying a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Abbreviated Instrument for the Assessment of the Life Quality (WHOQOL-bref) in August 2014. The descriptive analysis and student's t-test was used in order to check for possible associations. Results: The majority of the workers were female, aged up to 35 years old, having intimate partner and children. The following dimensions had shown the worst scores: environment and physical. The comparison of average scores within the four dimensions has revealed that the most significant covariates were as follows: sex, physical activity, additional job, civil status and working time. Conclusion: In the present study was observed that the workers require greater attention to the environmental and physical dimensions, and also in the sociodemographic characteristics that interfered in their life quality

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e sua associação com as características sociodemográficas dos trabalhadores da enfermagem do período noturno. Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo analítico, com abordagem quantitativa, com 145 trabalhadores, realizada em 2014 em uma instituição hospitalar de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais-Brasil. Foram aplicados um questionário sociodemográfico e o Instrumento Abreviado de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida, em agosto de 2014. Realizou-se a análise descritiva e o teste t student para verificação de associações. Resultados: Predominaram trabalhadores do sexo feminino, com idade de até 35 anos, com companheiro(a) e filhos. Os domínios meio ambiente e físico apresentaram piores escores. Na comparação dos escores médios nos quatro domínios, as covariáveis mais significativas foram: sexo, atividade física, outro vínculo, estado civil e tempo de trabalho. Conclusão: Os trabalhadores demandam maior atenção nas dimensões ambientais e físicas, e nas características sociodemográficas que interferiram na qualidade de vida

Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida y su asociación con características sociodemográficas de los trabajadores de la enfermería durante la noche. Método: Un estudio de tipo analítico, con un enfoque cuantitativo, con 145 trabajadores, que se celebró en 2014 en un hospital de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais Gerais-Brasil. Se les aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el abreviado Instrumento de Evaluación de la Calidad de Vida (WHOQOLbref), en 2014 agosto. El análisis descriptivo y la prueba t de student para comprobar para las asociaciones. Resultados: La mayoría de los trabajadores era una mujer, a la edad de 35 años, con compañero(a) y los niños. Las esferas física y medio ambiente tuvo las peores puntuaciones. La comparación de puntuaciones medias en cuatro zonas, las covariables fueron: El sexo, la actividad física, otro bono, el estado civil y el tiempo de trabajo. Conclusión: Los trabajadores requieren una mayor atención en las zonas con menor puntuación y las características que interfieren con la calidad de vida

The effect of a blue enriched white light on salivary antioxidant capacity and melatonin among night shift workers: a field study

BACKGROUND: Because of their positive impact on individuals’ performance and alertness, blue enriched white light sources are gaining popularity in households and industries. However, these sources of blue light spectrum may cause oxidative stress. On the other hand, there are no empirical studies investigating the negative effect of blue enriched white light on oxidative stress. Thus, the current study aimed at empirical assessment of the effect of such light sources on oxidative stress among night shift workers. METHODS: The study, which adopted a cross-sectional design, focused on 30 control room operators of a petrochemical complex. The subjects followed a shift-work schedule comprising 7 night shifts, 7 day shifts, and 7 days off. The subjects were exposed to 6500 K, 3000 K, and 17,000 K light sources (which have various degrees of blue light) during three consecutive work cycles, with each cycle lasting for 7 nights. In each light condition, three salivary measurements were conducted (at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the shift). The measurements were used to assess catalase (CAT), total thiol molecules (TTG), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and melatonin. RESULTS: The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference among various light conditions with regard to salivary biomarkers (catalase, total thiol molecules, and total antioxidant capacity). There was however a significant difference between 3000 K and 17,000 K conditions with regard to the concentration of salivary melatonin (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Given that there was no significant difference among various light conditions in terms of biomarkers, it is concluded that using sources of light with high color temperature can be recommended. Nonetheless, because of the limitations of the present study (e.g. short period of intervention), it is suggested that care should be exercised in using such light sources.

Comparison of exogenous melatonin versus placebo on sleep efficiency in emergency medicine residents working night shifts: A randomized trial / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation resulting from night shifts, is a major cause of burnout among physicians. Exogenous melatonin may improve sleep quality in night-shift workers. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of melatonin versus placebo on sleep efficiency in emergency medicine (EM) residents. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, replicated crossover trial was performed on EM residents. This study consisted of 4 phases within a month with intervention periods of 2 nights and washouts of 6 days. In our study, EM residents had nine-hour shifts on 6 consecutive days, 2 mornings, 2 evenings and 2 nights and then 2 days off. At the end of shifts' cycle, 24 EM residents were given 3 mg melatonin or placebo (12 in each arm of the study) for 2 consecutive nights after the second night shift with crossover to the other arm after a six-day off drug. This crossover intervention was repeated for two more another time. Finally, we created 48 cases and comparisons in each arm. Different items related to sleep quality were assessed and compared both within the same group and between the two groups. RESULTS: In the melatonin group, daytime sleepiness (calculated by Karolinska Sleep Scale) had a significant reduction after taking the second dose of drug (P=0.003) but the same result was not observed when comparing the 2 groups. Mood status (calculated by Profile of Mood States) showed no remarkable difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Melatonin might have a limited benefit on sleep quality in EM residents working night shifts.

Study on gray matter volume changes of long-term night shift physicians of the emergency department based on MRI data / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the abnormal region of gray matter and distribution in long-term night shift physicians of the emergency department,and explore the brain structural changes closely related to long-term chronic sleep loss.Methods The study was carried out among two groups of medical staff,with the chronic sleep deprived(CSD)group(n=15)performing a fixed night work and the regular sleep controls (RSC)group (n=15)working regularly during the day at our hospital.Both groups were age-and gender-matched.The data of two groups were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM)based on SPM8 to generate gray maps.Results Compared to the RSC group without night shifts,increased gray matter volume in the CSD group was observed in the middle temporal gyrus,inferior frontal fyrus,insula,thalamus,posterior cingulate,medial frontal gyrus,inferior parietal lobule and postcentral gyrus (P<0.05).Conclusion These findings suggest that long-term,chronic sleep loss is associated with the change of the gray matter volume in the network,and may have a neuroanatomical basis.The brain structural changes are related with the domains of emotion and language,this contributes to further explore on the neural mechanism of the effects of the long-term night shift on brain function.

Comparing marital satisfaction of male and female BPO night shift workers in the Philippines

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:</strong> The study presented and compared the level of marital satisfaction of male and female Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) night shift workers. Prior to this study, there were researches that looked into the effect of night shift or nonstandard work schedule on the workers' marital life. There were also studies that tried to connect shift work to the quality of married life of BPO workers in the Philippines but they were conducted using the perspectives of the wives only. Thus, this study offered a holistic view on marital satisfaction because it took into consideration the views of both husbands and wives.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS AND RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS:</strong> Sixty-six males and females in Metro Manila were purposefully selected and surveyed, of whom 11 were interviewed face to face. Data from the survey were analyzed using Mann Whitney U Test of Significance. Information from the qualitative interview was used to validate quantitative data.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Results showed that male and female BPO night shift workers were satisfied with their marriage. There is no significant difference in the level of marital satisfaction of males and females.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> It is very evident from the study findings that economic and financial capacity affects marital satisfaction. This study can also help practitioners of pre-marital counseling. It was found in the study that compatibility of the couples' expectations in the marriage and with each other influenced marital satisfaction. </p>

Night Shift Work and Risk of Depression: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

This study aimed to assess whether night shift work is associated with the risk of depression by using a meta-analysis of observational studies. We searched PubMed and EMBASE in August, 2016 to locate eligible studies and investigated the association between night shift work and the risk of depression, reporting outcome measures with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the meta-analysis of a total of 11 observational studies with 9 cross-sectional study, 1 longitudinal study, and 1 cohort study, night shift work was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (OR/RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24–1.64; I² = 78.0%). Also, subgroup meta-analyses by gender, night shift work duration, type of occupation, continent, and type of publication showed that night shift work was consistently associated with the increased risk of depression. The current meta-analysis suggests that night shift work is associated with the increased risk of depression. However, further large prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm this association.

Effect of night shift time at midnight on sleep quality of nurses / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the effect of night shift time at midnight on sleep quality of nurses . Methods Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and a self-designed questionnaire were used for the investigation among 459 nurses in a first class hospital in Fujian Province, analyzing the sleep quality of the nurses at night shift time at the time points of 0:00am,0:30am,1:00am and 1:30am during the midnight. Results The total score of nurses at night shift was (7.47 ±3.05). There were significant differences between the total scores at different time points (P<0.001). The comparisons between the time points of 0:00am and 0:30am,0:30am and 1:00am, 0:00am and 1:00am showed significant differences (P<0.017),and 0:00am<0:30am<1:00am. Conclusions As for night shift during midnight, the sleep quality for the night shift time 0:00am>0:30am>1:00am. The time points for night shift can vary with seasons and regions. The nurses should be aware of occupational prevention and develop a living habit. During night shift, the nurses should make an individualized plan.